用眼踢足球⚽️英语里常见问题

一个错误的句子：Having been practicing football for hours in the street, his eyes began to blur because of sweat.

英语里，我们常常说到一个术语：逻辑主语。非谓语结构，比如上面的Having been practicing football，没有自己的主语，那么踢球的人是谁？从“逻辑”上讲，这个踢球的人应该是这个句子的主句的主语，也就是，his eyes。这显然错了：How can his eyes practice football？

修改这样的句子，有两个办法，一个是把主句的主语his eyes改为he：

Having been practicing football ..., he felt his eyes began to blur.

另一个办法，是把非谓语部分Having been practicing football改为从句：

After he practiced football ..., his eyes began to blur.

《简洁的原理》（英文版）法则8陈述如下：

A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject. 位于句首的分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句子的语法主语保持一致。

Participial phrases preceded by a conjunction or by a preposition, nouns in apposition, adjectives, and adjective phrases come under the same rule if they begin the sentence.

上面这段英文其实讲了几种情况，比如：介词或连词 分词短语（即：介词或连词 动名词短语）。英文里的participial phrase包括了分词短语和动名词短语。

（没有翻译这段英文，希望大家读英文，比如看看英文的标点怎么用的：这儿涉及法则2的用法：In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last. 用单个连词连接三个或三个以上的词语时，除最后一个词语后面不用逗号外，其余都用逗号隔开。）

比如这个例子：介词 动名词短语。

On arriving in Chicago, his friends met him at the station.

怀特修改如下：

On arriving in Chicago, he was met at the station by his friends.

余子龙修改如下：

On his arrival in Chicago, his friends met him at the station. (When he arrived in Chicago, his friends met him at the station.)

怀特是美国散文大家、文体大家。

上面这个例子，是怀特改得好，还是余子龙改得好？

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